Tax & National Insurance
5guides
What comes out of your payslip and why.
PAYE, tax codes and National InsuranceHow tax is taken from your salary automatically, what your tax code means, and how to spot (and fix) being on the wrong one.
Getting your National Insurance numberWho needs to apply, who already has one via their visa, and how to apply — you can usually start work before it arrives.
Self-assessment: who must file and howSide income, self-employment, or high earnings? The HMRC self-assessment deadlines, registration, and penalties to avoid.
Tax documents and claiming money backNewcomers who start mid-tax-year are often owed a refund — know your P45/P60, and how to claim from HMRC, including when you leave the UK.
Registering as a sole traderFreelancing or side income over £1,000 a year means registering with HMRC as a sole trader — plus check your visa actually allows self-employment.